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Find our references, downloads, and further information below!

Download here our current product information flyer (PDF, 1,490 kb).

Frequently Asked Questions

Video Tutorials

3D Skin Comet Assay using the Phenion® Full-Thickness Skin Model

7:19 min.

1657714 teaser HKVideo

Phenion FT Skin Models tissue culture upon arrival

This video tutorial guides you through the first working steps after the skin models have arrived in your lab.

1:10 min.

1133974 teaser HKVideo

Phenion FT Skin Models - Compartment separation

This video sequence shows separation of epidermis from dermis after enzymatic treatment. Detailed information you will find in our protocol collection.

0:23 min.

1134176 teaser HKVideo

Protocols

General protocols for Phenion skin models
In vitro test protocols

Protocol Phenion FT Skin Model Instructions for use in INSERTS ‏ (423.85 KB)

Protocol Phenion FT Skin Model Instructions for use ‏ (1.05 MB)

Protocol Phenion FT Skin Model RNA isolation I ‏ (377.35 KB)

Protocol Phenion FT Skin Model RNA isolation II ‏ (381.87 KB)

Protocol Phenion FT Skin Model Separation of Epidermis from Dermis ‏ (415.15 KB)

Protocol Phenion Feeder Cell Supported Keratinocyte Culture ‏ (518.74 KB)

Protocol Phenion FT Skin Model Histology - Paraffin sections ‏ (511.98 KB)

Protocol Phenion FT Skin Model Histology - Immunofluorescent labelling ‏ (188.68 KB)

Protocol Phenion FT Skin Model Histology - Frozen sections ‏ (399.69 KB)

epiCS Manual, 2014 ‏ (1.8 MB)

epiCS-M Manual ‏ (1.38 MB)

Protocol 3D Skin Comet assay ‏ (826.95 KB)

Protocol OS-REp in vitro Skin Irritation Test ‏ (796.78 KB)

SOP epiCS in vitro Skin Corrosion, ‏(v21.02) ‏ (1.09 MB)

SOP epiCS in vitro Skin Irritation, ‏(v21.1) ‏ (1.54 MB)

SOP Micronucleus Test, epiCS ‏(v21.1) ‏ (570.49 KB)

SOP epiCS Skin Irritation Test Medical Devices ‏(v21.01) ‏ (2.07 MB)

epiCS Skin Sensitisation and Potency ‏(v21.01) ‏ (1.61 MB)

epiCS sspt Trainingskit ‏(v21.01) ‏ (520.76 KB)

References & Further Reading

Skin Model Publications
Genotox Publications
OS-REp Publications
Hemicornea Publications
Other Publications

Mewes et al. 2019
The molecular basis for a functional dermal barrier in two biotechnologically produced human skin equivalents: the Phenion® FT Skin model and the OS-REp model ‏ (1.24 MB)

Cuevas et al. 2019
Lipid analysis of the Phenion® FT Skin model and the OS-REp model – the molecular basis for a functional skin barrier ‏ (1.25 MB)

Vierkotten et al. 2019
The importance of being three-dimensional in biology ‏ (845.15 KB)

Pan S, Malhotra D, Germann N., 2019
Nonlinear viscoelastic properties of native male human skin and in vitro 3D reconstructed skin models under LAOS stress.

Malhotra D, Pan S, Rüther L, Goudoulas TB, Schlippe G, Voss W, Germann N., 2019
Linear viscoelastic and microstructural properties of native male human skin and in vitro 3D reconstructed skin models.

Mewes et al., 2017
Reconstructed 3D Tissues for Efficacy and Safety Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients ‏ (2.46 MB)

Dieckmann et al., 2016
A three-dimensional skin equivalent reflecting some aspects of in vivo aged skin.

Stellavato et al., 2016
Hyaluronan Hybrid Cooperative Complexes as a Novel Frontier for Cellular Bioprocesses Re-Activation. ‏ (4.15 MB)

Alili et al., 2014
A drug-induced accelerated senescence (DIAS) is a possibility to study aging in time lapse.

Wiegand et al., 2014
Dermal Xenobiotic Metabolism: A Comparison between Native Human Skin, Four in vitro Skin Test Systems and a Liver System ‏ (263.92 KB)

Bätz et al., 2013.
Esterase activity in excised and reconstructed human skin--biotransformation of prednicarbate and the model dye fluorescein diacetate.

Jäckh et al., 2011.
Characterization of enzyme activities of Cytochrome P450 enzymes, Flavin-dependent monooxygenases, N-acetyltransferases and UDP-glucuronyltransferases in human reconstructed epidermis and full-thickness skin models.

Reisinger et al., 2010
Dermal xenobiotic metabolism: A comparison between human native skin, four in vitro test systems, and a liver system
‏ (156.19 KB)

Ackermann et al., 2010
The Phenion full-thickness skin model for percutaneous absorption testing.

Wiegand et al., 2009
Dermal xenobiotic metabolism: a comparison between human native skind and four in vitro test systems
‏ (112.22 KB)

Zöller et al., 2008
Evaluation of beneficial and adverse effects of glucocorticoids on a newly developed full-thickness skin model.

Mewes et al., 2008
Expression of metabolic systems in a newly developed full-thickness skin equivalent
‏ (180.11 KB)

Mewes et al., 2007
Expression of dermal extracellular matrix proteins in a newly developed full-thickness skin model
‏ (330.08 KB)

Mewes et al., 2007
Studying dermal elastogenesis in a full-thickness skin equivalent

‏ (270.7 KB)

Mewes et al., 2007
Elastin expression in a newly developed full-thickness skin equivalent.

Mewes et al., 2006
A full thickness skin equivalent for efficacy, toxicity and penetration studies ‏ (280.01 KB)

Lee et al., 2006
An in vivo analysis of MMC-induced DNA damage and its repair.

Pfuhler et al., 2021
Validation of the 3D reconstructed human skin Comet assay, an animal-free alternative for following-up positive results from standard in vitro genotoxicity assays. ‏ (808.85 KB)

Pfuhler et al., 2020
Use of in vitro 3D tissue models in genotoxicity testing: Strategic fit, validation status and way forward. Report of the working group from the 7th International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT) ‏ (1.8 MB)

Downs et al., 2019
Effect of 2-acetylaminofluorene and its genotoxic metabolites on DNA adduct formation and DNA damage in 3D reconstructed human skin tissue models. ‏ (756.82 KB)

Reisinger et al., 2018
Validation of the 3D Skin Comet assay using full thickness skin models: Transferability and reproducibility ‏ (364.08 KB)

Reisinger et al., 2016

Safety Assessment Without Animal Testing: A Successful Example ‏ (1.72 MB)

Reisinger et al., 2015
The Comet Assay using Full-Thickness Skin Models ‏ (144.18 KB)

Downs et al., 2015
The 3D Reconstructed Human Skin Comet Assay: Transferability and Reproducibility Within and Between Laboratories
‏ (420.4 KB)

Pfuhler et al., 2014
The Cosmetics Europe strategy for animal-free genotoxicity testing: project status up-date.

Zhang et al., 2014
Ongoing Validation Studies for the 3D Human Reconstructed Skin Micronucleus and Comet Assays
‏ (168.33 KB)

Pfuhler et al., 2014
3D Skin Comet assay: Update on the ongoing validation
‏ (812.09 KB)

Reisinger et al., 2013
Current Status of the Cosmetics Europe Animal-Free Genotoxicity Projects
‏ (199.12 KB)

Reisinger et al., 2008
The Comet Assay in the Phenion Full Thickness Skin Model as a putative tool for in vitro genotoxicity testing ‏ (76.84 KB)

Kakar et al., 2021
New Perspectives in the Antimicrobial Activity of the Amphibian Temporin B: Peptide Analogs Are Effective Inhibitors of Candida albicans Growth ‏ (723.61 KB)

Groeber et al., 2016
Catch-up validation study of an in vitro skin irritation test method based on an open source reconstructed epidermis (phase II). ‏ (785.81 KB)

Mewes et al., 2016
Catch-up validation study of an in vitro skin irritation test method based on an open source reconstructed epidermis (phase I). ‏ (1.55 MB)

Wedekind et al., 2016
Demonstration of surfactant antagonism in the Open Source Reconstructed Epidermis OS-REp model Wedekind et al Poster EUSAAT 2016 ‏ (327.32 KB)

Mewes et al., 2014
The Open Source Reconstructed Epidermis – Results of a catch-up validation study for skin irritation testing ‏ (231.26 KB)

Heymer et al., 2012
The Open Source Concept - Shaping the future of animal-free tests ‏ (145.04 KB)

Mewes et al., 2017
In vitro eye irritation testing using the open source reconstructed hemicornea - a ring trial
‏ (328.81 KB)

Klemme et al., 2017
Suitability of the 3D hemi-cornea eye irritation test for testing of oxidative hair dyes ‏ (329.08 KB)

Barroso et al., 2017
Cosmetics Europe compilation of historical serious eye damage/eye irritation in vivo data analysed by drivers of classification to support the selection of chemicals for development
and evaluation of alternative methods/strategies: the Draize eye test Reference Database (DRD)

‏ (813.8 KB)

Barroso et al., 2017
Cosmetics Europe compilation of historical serious eye damage/eye irritation in vivo data analysed by drivers of classification to support the selection of chemicals for development and evaluation of alternative methods/strategies:the Draize eye test Reference Database (DRD) ‏ (865.96 KB)

Alépée et al., 2016
Assessment of cosmetic ingredients in the in vitro reconstructed human epidermis test method EpiSkin™ using HPLC/UPLC-spectrophotometry in the MTT-reduction assay.

Barroso et al., 2015
Use of HPLC/UPLC-spectrophotometry for detection of formazan in in vitro Reconstructed human Tissue (RhT)-based test methods employing the MTT-reduction assay to expand their applicability to strongly coloured test chemicals.

Zorn-Kruppa et al., 2014
Determining the depthDetermining the Depth of Injury in Bioengineered Tissue Models of Cornea and Conjunctiva for the Prediction of All Three Ocular GHS Categories.

Zorn-Kruppa et al., 2014
The initial depth of injury in reconstructed tissue models as an indicator for the eye irritation potential of chemicals

‏ (885.72 KB)

Engelke et al., 2013
A human hemi-cornea model for eye irritation testing: quality control of production, reliability and predictive capacity.

Bartok et al., 2013
Human 3D corneal models for a detailed quantification of the initial depth of injury as an indicator for cellular damage in the human eye ‏ (839.65 KB)

Zorn-Kruppa et al., 2013
Development and characterization of a bioengineered conjunctiva model on the basis of immortalized cells ‏ (1.04 MB)

Engelke et al., 2012
A 3D reconstructed hemi-cornea model for predicting the eye-irritating potential of chemicals: Results of an interlaboratory evaluation study ‏ (367.01 KB)

Mewes et al., 2011
Evaluation of a bioartificial corneal equivalent for the prediction of the eye-iritation potential of chemicals
‏ (129.86 KB)

Klaka et al., 2017
A novel organotypic 3D sweat gland model with physiological functionality

Mewes et al. 2021
Extending the applicability domain of the human cell line activation test (h-CLAT) ‏ (1.75 MB)

Mewes et al. 2021
Extending the applicability domain of the human cell line activation test (h-CLAT) Supplementary Data ‏ (450.37 KB)